<architecture> A term describing a computer architecture based
	around an {ALU}, {registers} and {data bus} which are 64
	{bit}s wide.

	64-bit processors were quite common in 1996, e.g. {Digital}
	{Alpha}, versions of {Sun} {SPARC}, {MIPS}, {IBM} {AS/4000}.
	the {PowerPC} and {Intel} were expected to move to 64 bits at
	their next generation - {PPC 620} and {Intel P7}.

	A 64-bit {address bus} allows the processor to address 18
	million {gigabytes} as opposed to the mere 4 gigabytes allowed
	with 32 bits.  There were in 1996 already {hard disks} which
	can hold over 4GB.  Floating point calculations can also be
	more accurate.

	A 64-bit {OS} is needed as well to take advantage of the CPU.
	In 1996 there were only a few 64-bit operating systems,
	including {OS/400}, {Digital} {Unix}, {Solaris} (partialy).  A
	32-bit OS can run on a 64-bit CPU.

	(2004-05-12)

<language, architecture> (JVM) A specification for software
	which interprets {Java} programs that have been compiled into
	{byte-codes}, and usually stored in a ".class" file.  The JVM
	{instruction set} is {stack}-oriented, with variable
	instruction length.  Unlike some other instruction sets, the
	JVM's supports {object-oriented} programming directly by
	including instructions for object {method} invocation (similar
	to {subroutine} call in other instruction sets).

	The JVM itself is written in {C} and so can be {ported} to run
	on most {platforms}.  It needs {thread} support and {I/O} (for
	{dynamic class loading}).  The Java byte-code is independent
	of the platform.

	There are also some hardware implementations of the JVM.

	{Specification
	(http://www.javasoft.com/docs/books/vmspec/html/VMSpecTOC.doc.html)}.

	{Sun's Java chip
	(http://news.com/News/Item/0,4,9328,00.html)}.

	[Documentation?  Versions?]

	(2000-01-03)

<operating system> ("Linus Unix") /li'nuks/ (but see below)
	An implementation of the {Unix} {kernel} originally written
	from scratch with no proprietary code.

	The kernel runs on {Intel} and {Alpha} hardware in the general
	release, with {SPARC}, {PowerPC}, {MIPS}, {ARM}, {Amiga},
	{Atari}, and {SGI} in active development.  The SPARC, PowerPC,
	ARM, {PowerMAC} - {OSF}, and 68k ports all support {shells},
	{X} and {networking}.  The Intel and SPARC versions have
	reliable {symmetric multiprocessing}.

	Work on the kernel is coordinated by Linus Torvalds, who holds
	the copyright on a large part of it.  The rest of the
	copyright is held by a large number of other contributors (or
	their employers).  Regardless of the copyright ownerships, the
	kernel as a whole is available under the {GNU} {General Public
	License}.  The GNU project supports Linux as its kernel until
	the research {Hurd} kernel is completed.

	This kernel would be no use without {application programs}.
	The GNU project has provided large numbers of quality tools,
	and together with other {public domain} software it is a rich
	Unix environment.  A compilation of the Linux kernel and these
	tools is known as a Linux distribution.  Compatibility modules
	and/or {emulators} exist for dozens of other computing
	environments.

	The kernel version numbers are significant: the odd numbered
	series (e.g. 1.3.xx) is the development (or beta) kernel which
	evolves very quickly.  Stable (or release) kernels have even
	major version numbers (e.g. 1.2.xx).

	There is a lot of commercial support for and use of Linux,
	both by hardware companies such as {Digital}, {IBM}, and
	{Apple} and numerous smaller network and integration
	specialists.  There are many commercially supported
	distributions which are generally entirely under the GPL.  At
	least one distribution vendor guarantees {Posix} compliance.
	Linux is particularly popular for {Internet Service
	Providers}, and there are ports to both parallel
	supercomputers and {embedded} {microcontrollers}.  {Debian} is
	one popular {open source} distribution.

	The pronunciation of "Linux" has been a matter of much debate.
	Many, including Torvalds, insist on the short I pronunciation
	/li'nuks/ because "Linus" has an /ee/ sound in Swedish
	(Linus's family is part of Finland's 6% ethnic-Swedish
	minority) and Linus considers English short /i/ to be closer
	to /ee/ than English long /i:/ dipthong.  This is consistent
	with the short I in words like "linen".  This doesn't stop
	others demanding a long I /li:'nuks/ following the english
	pronunciation of "Linus" and "minus".  Others say /li'niks/
	following {Minix}, which Torvalds was working on before Linux.

	{More on pronunciation
	(http://www.foldoc.org/pub/linux-pronunciation)}.

	{LinuxHQ (http://www.linuxhq.com/)}.  {slashdot
	(http://slashdot.org/)}.  {freshmeat (http://freshmeat.net/)}.
	{Woven Goods (http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/)}.  {Linux
	Gazette (http://www.ssc.com/lg)}.

	{funet Linux Archive (ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux)}, {US
	mirror (ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/)}, {UK Mirror
	(ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/Linux/)}.

	(2000-06-09)

<jargon> To transfer data from one computer to another.
	Downloading usually refers to transfer from a larger "host"
	system (especially a {server} or {mainframe}) to a smaller
	"client" system, especially a {microcomputer} or specialised
	peripheral, and "{upload}" usually means from small to large.

	Others hold that, technically, download means "receive" and
	upload means "send", irrespective of the size of the systems
	involved.

	Note that in communications between ground and space,
	space-to-earth transmission is always "down" and the reverse
	"up", regardless of size.  So far the in-space machines have
	invariably been smaller; thus the upload/download distinction
	has been reversed from its usual sense.

	[{Jargon File}]

	(2003-11-04)

1. (Obsolete) The source code for a program, which may be in
	any language, as opposed to the linkable or executable binary
	produced from it by a compiler.  The idea behind the term is
	that to a real hacker, a program written in his favourite
	programming language is at least as readable as English.
	Usage: mostly by old-time hackers, though recognisable in
	context.

	2. The official name of the {database} language used by the
	{Pick} {operating system}, actually a sort of {crufty},
	brain-damaged {SQL} with delusions of grandeur.  The name
	permits {marketroids} to say "Yes, and you can program our
	computers in English!" to ignorant {suits} without quite
	running afoul of the truth-in-advertising laws.

	["Exploring the Pick Operating System", J.E. Sisk et al,
	Hayden 1986].

	[{Jargon File}]

<processor> The successor to {Intel Corporation}'s {Pentium
	II} processor.

	The Xeon has the same {P6} core as existing {Pentium
	Pro}/{Pentium II} units, but it supports a 100 {MHz} system
	{bus} and offers as much as 2 {MB} of {level 2 cache}.

	{Home (http://www.intel.com/PentiumII/xeon/home.htm)}.

	(1998-09-09)